少年巴比伦

Jerusalem's usually bustling Old City becomes a ghost town: Reporter's Notebook_我的网站

一 |     JERUSALEM -- It's a far cry from the usual hustle and bustle, so typical of Jerusalem's Old City.The steps of the Damascus Gate have been cleared out. Gone are the fruit and sumac vendors. And inside the Old City: rows and rows of shops have shut down."This is the worst days we've ever seen in our lives. Even when the corona[virus] was here it was better than this," said Adnan Jaffa, who runs the Jaffar Sweets shop. "Because of the war ... the situation. In five minutes we're going to close because there is nothing to do."For those who know the Old City, it's an eerie place to be. Even the Church of the Holy Sepulchre -- where Christ is believed to have been buried and resurrected -- was empty on Sunday but for a handful of worshippers. It felt like we were being given a private tour of one of the world's holiest and most visited sites.Ehab Barakat, who was cycling through the deserted Old City, was one of the few customers out there on the city's streets.Asked about the increasing tensions, he said: "We hope it will be quiet."He added, "This is the time to be united. One."But the latest cycle of violence has come has no surprise, he said."The new government of Israel … you would be stupid if you would not guess what is going to happen. And we are not stupid. We were just waiting for the time.""The people get so tied … like a balloon. With a lot of air inside. And then it will…"His English may have failed him -- but it seemed clear what he meant.Israeli police now stand at the entrance to the Damascus Gate, occasionally searching young men. Orthodox Jews occasionally wander through the Old City to worship at the Western Wall. But there is none of the fervour which people associate with Jerusalem. It's been replaced by a strange quiet.In the words of Abushadi Sinjlawi, another shopkeeper we found closing early for the day, "The city is under lockdown."But away from the eerie quiet and melancholy atmosphere in the Old City, the situation is tense. Jerusalem is said to be the most heavily policed city in the country, and that will likely remain the case as the war in the south rages on.Checkpoints have been set up across East Jerusalem. And videos are spreading online appearing to show the harassment of Palestinians at the hands of the police. Cars are being stopped and searched. There are videos of apparent police beatings. In sporadic, individual incidents where locals have clashed with police, the response appears to have been brute force.Already at least 50 Palestinians have been killed in East Jerusalem and the West Bank since the war broke out -- that's more than the highest ever monthly total since the UN began keeping records in 2005.。    　　李 扬　　《人民日报》(2026年08月22日 第 06 版)　　近来，“一颗小行星价值数万亿美元”等话题屡屡引发关注。如果未来人类真的在太空建起第一座矿山，会最先开采什么？答案或许出人意料：很可能不是昂贵的金属，而是水、氧，甚至是土壤。

二 | 　　谈到太空矿产，人们通常想到的是：地球资源越来越紧张，于是人类飞向月球或小行星开采矿产，再把资源运回地球。这种设想并非完全没有道理。月球表面部分岩石含有钛、铁，也检测到稀土，不少小行星则含铁、镍和铂族金属等。

三 | 然而，从“有资源”到“能开采”，再到“值得运回地球”，仍隔着很长的距离。　　判断一种资源是否值得开发，要综合考虑矿体规模、品位、赋存状态、开采方式、能源消耗、加工难度以及运输成本等。尤其在太空，开采和运输成本往往决定了一切。既然如此，为什么还要去太空采矿？其实，人类真正需要的，未必是把资源带回地球，而是让资源留在太空发挥作用。　　今天，人类开展月球探测和深空探测，几乎所有物资都来自地球：宇航员饮用的水、呼吸所需的氧气，火箭燃料，科研设备……如果只是“打卡式”登陆月球，这种方式尚可维持；但如果要建立长期运行的月球科研站，并以月球作为继续探索火星和深空的基地，仅依靠地球不断补给，将越来越困难。因此，各国航天机构近年来越来越关注一个概念：就地资源利用。　　所谓“就地资源利用”，就是尽可能利用月球、火星或小行星当地已有的资源，生产人类所需要的产品，而不是什么都从地球运过去。在这种逻辑下，资源价值的标准发生了变化。在地球，一吨水没有太大经济价值；但在月球，一吨水可能比黄金更加珍贵。同样，月壤也不只是普通的尘土。月壤中含有丰富的硅、铁、铝、钛以及与这些元素结合的氧。未来，人们有望利用加热、电解等方法提取月壤中的氧气和金属，并利用剩余材料铺设道路、建设着陆场，甚至作为三维打印建筑材料。

四 | 　　当然，实现这一目标并不容易。月球表面的高真空、剧烈温差、强辐射和低重力环境，都会给资源勘探、开采和加工带来巨大挑战。月球极区究竟储存了多少水冰？如何高效提取氧气？怎样利用月壤制造建筑材料？这些问题仍需要长期研究。当前太空资源研究最重要的任务，并不是急于给月球上的矿产标价，而是绘制更加精确的资源地图。近年来，中国嫦娥工程不断取得突破，带回了珍贵的月球样品，为认识月球物质组成、资源分布和形成历史提供了重要依据。未来，随着国际月球科研站等重大工程逐步推进，对月球资源的科学认识将成为深空探测的重要基础。　　从石器时代到青铜时代，再到工业时代，人类不断发现新的资源，也重新定义“矿”的含义。今天，当探索的边界从地球延伸到月球和火星，这个古老的概念也正在发生变化。从“地球补给”走向“就地取材”，看似只是采矿地点的变化，实际上意味着人类探索宇宙方式的一次深刻变革。　　(作者为北京大学地球与空间科学学院副教授)。

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